A handicap is a number that represents your playing ability, so golfers of different levels can compete fairly. Here's the plain-English version.
What it measures
Your handicap reflects your potential scoring ability relative to par — roughly how many strokes over par you'd shoot on a good day. A lower number means a better golfer; scratch (0) means you play to par.
How it levels the field
In a match, the higher-handicap player receives strokes on certain holes so a beginner and a strong player can have a real contest. It's what makes betting games and club competitions fair.
How it's calculated (broadly)
Modern handicaps average your better recent rounds, adjusting for how hard each course plays (its rating and slope). It updates as you post scores, so it tracks your current form, not one lucky round.
How to get one
You typically get an official handicap by joining a golf association or club and posting a handful of scores. Until then, you can estimate your own by tracking rounds. Lower it by breaking 90 and tightening your short game.
FAQ
What is a golf handicap in simple terms?
A number representing your playing ability relative to par, used so players of different levels can compete fairly by giving strokes to the weaker player.
How do I get a golf handicap?
Join a golf association or club and post a handful of scores. Your handicap then updates from your better recent rounds, adjusted for course difficulty.